HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Proximity Sensor Module

The HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Proximity Sensor Module is a highly efficient, compact sensor that specializes in non-contact distance measurement. It operates by using ultrasonic sound waves to identify objects within its range. This makes it a perfect fit for various applications including robotics, obstacle avoidance systems, distance measurement projects, and automatic room light control systems.

Key Specifications:

• Operating Voltage: The operating voltage typically varies around 5V DC, making it a perfect match for most microcontrollers and development boards.
• Measuring Range: It provides a wide detection range from 2cm to 400cm (approximately 0.79 inches to 13 feet), ensuring accurate and dependable distance measurements within this range.
• Resolution: The sensor offers a high resolution of up to 0.3cm, enabling precise distance measurements.
• Ultrasonic Frequency: The sensor operates at a 40kHz frequency, ensuring efficient distance sensing performance without any interference from ambient noise.
• Usability: It features a simple four-pin interface (VCC, TRIG, ECHO, GND) for easy connection to a microcontroller such as Arduino, Raspberry Pi, or any other that supports digital input/output.
• Power Consumption: The sensor is designed to be energy efficient, consuming minimal power, making it ideal for battery-operated projects.
• Trigger & Echo Signals: The sensor uses a trigger signal to emit ultrasonic pulses and an echo signal to receive the bounce back from detected objects, calculating distance based on the time interval between sending and receiving these signals.

Potential Applications:

• Robotics: Useful for navigation and obstacle avoidance without contact.
• Security Systems: Can be used to detect the presence of intruders or movements.
• Automotive Parking Sensors: Assists in measuring the distance between vehicles and obstacles.
• Level Measurement: Ideal for non-invasive measurement of liquid levels in tanks.
• People Counting: Suitable for entrances/exits to count the number of people passing by.

Working Mechanism:

The HC-SR04 sensor module functions by emitting a high-frequency ultrasonic sound pulse from its transmitter. This pulse travels through the air and, if an object is within range, it bounces back to the module. The onboard electronics then calculate the time difference between the emission and return of the sound wave. Given that the speed of sound is known, this time difference allows the HC-SR04 to calculate the distance to the object with high precision.

Conclusion:

The HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Proximity Sensor Module is a trustworthy, cost-effective solution for distance measurement and object detection needs. Its user-friendly nature, combined with its accuracy and low power consumption, makes it an excellent choice for hobbyists, educators, and professionals alike who are looking to incorporate distance sensing capabilities into their projects.

Datasheet